Biology Extrema

Abstract: Breast cancer or breast carcinoma is the uncontrolled growth of epithelial cells lining ducts and lobules of breast. A Study says that it is the second most common cancer in women. You cannot feel the pain or discomfort until they have spread to  nearby tissues. So the diagnosis of the breast cancer is needed first. Each time cells divide there is a chance for genetic mutation which cause of tumor formation. There are some risk which are increased in a  number of menstrual cycles.... The first menstrual bleeding and late menopause also increase the risk of breast cancer. early pregnancy and longer time breastfeeding increased the risk of breast cancer. Breast cancers linked to mutation in tumor suppressor genes. Breast Cancer gene are - BRCA1 and BRCA 2 and TP 53 The expression of the gene control the cell division slow down the division and make the cell die if they divide in uncontrolled manner. Mutation in BRCA1 AND BRCA2 can cause familial breast cance

Abstract: Hello friends today we will discuss about HIV/AIDS. You know that HIV is the human immunodeficiency virus. If someone is affected with HIV and some infection associated with HIV ,which is called AIDS. Let's discuss the process .. HIV virus are two types .... One is very common which is found in US and worldwide and another is very rare and restricted which is found in Africa and Southern Asia. Now I will give you a simple picture which will describe the the whole procedure .... This picture has given detailed information . Now I will give you a simple description that you can realise the matter in your mind. AIDS stand for acquired immune deficiency syndrome. it is the final stage of HIV where the immune systems have got very much damage and too much weak to fight against the ordinary infections. When foreign invaders like bacteria get entry in your body and they can cause infection and activate your immune system. One type of T cell re

Abstract: Hello friends today  we will learn dihedral angle. Dihedral angle has an another name, we can say it as torsional angle. Now I will today give you a clear concept on this topic. Before knowing Ramachandran plot you have to know this topic  very clearly. Let's go ..❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️ You know that Ramachandran plot always tell about what kind of torsional angle is ultimately fixed to what kind of secondary structure of the protein. I have given a picture here. Please see below. 👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇👇 The dihedral angle Idea has originated from three dimensional space angle idea and this angle says about the protein structure. Now please look at the picture. 😊 The peptide bond has shown in figure of blue line. Hear the nitrogen also carry a lone pair of electron and for the resonance property the lone pair act as bond between carbon and nitrogen. So the peptide bond shows a double bond character(partially double bonded). for this type of double

Abstract: All eukaryotic cells contain membrane bound organelles. Mitochondria is an organelle because it has doubled membrane structure. Mitochondria provide most of the energy to the cell to maintain its various function.  All of the energy come from the inner mitochondrial membrane. The major function of membrane to act as a barrier to positive charged particle called proton. Then a proton gradient appears which is mainly maintained by mitochondrial membrane. The proton density is higher in intermembrane space lower in matrix. I am going to give you the process step by step an easy way... Let's begin... this picture is not an ideal picture but I just draw the picture to give you an easy and overview about the electron transport chain. Some protein complexes which associated together in the process of making ATP . The complexes are... 1.complex I 2.complex II 3.complex III 4.complex IV  Complex 1, complex 3 and complex 4 directly pump