## OVERVIEW OF ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

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Abstract: All eukaryotic cells contain membrane bound organelles. Mitochondria is an organelle because it has doubled membrane structure. Mitochondria provide most of the energy to the cell to maintain its various function. 

All of the energy come from the inner mitochondrial membrane. The major function of membrane to act as a barrier to positive charged particle called proton.

Then a proton gradient appears which is mainly maintained by mitochondrial membrane.
The proton density is higher in intermembrane space lower in matrix.

I am going to give you the process step by step an easy way...

Let's begin...

this picture is not an ideal picture but I just draw the picture to give you an easy and overview about the electron transport chain.
Some protein complexes which associated together in the process of making ATP .

The complexes are...

1.complex I
2.complex II
3.complex III
4.complex IV 

Complex 1, complex 3 and complex 4 directly pumped proton into the inner membrane space from the matrix.
But remember here complex 2 does not pump proton but it promotes proton pumping in complex 3 and complex 4.

Now you are thinking what provides energy in proton pumping 😅

Ok let's focus in complex 1...

A byproduct of sugar metabolism NADH deposit two high energy electron in complex 1.
Electrons passed in complex 1 through the redox centers.

redox centres are cluster of atoms which have different affinity for electrons based on their unique atomic configuration. 
Upper redox centres have a lower affinity and bottom redox center have a higher affinity for electrons.

Electron jumps from one redox centres to another but did not ignore any redox centres of them.

when the electrons passed from the redox centres a small amount of energy is released from centres.
 Complex 1 collects this energy and utilizes it for proton pumping 😱.
The last redox centre of complex 1 give two electrons two coenzyme Q .
Next we focus on complex 2...
From a byproduct of sugar metabolism FADH2 transferred two electrons to redox centres, but the complex 2 do not use the energy as complex 1 which was released by electron redox centre. The two electrons are transferred to coenzyme Q by final redox centre.

Complex 1 and complex 2 donate their electron to complex 3. one electron is recyclable but other pass through the centre and is carried by cytochrome c career. There are only two redox centres for reaching cytochrome c.
Now cytochrome c carries the electron to complex 4. This complex utilizes four electrons and molecular oxygen to make two molecules of water. Here 4 protons are required for producing water and the other four protons are pumped to the intermembrane space. if oxygen is not present then the whole process will halt .

Now please look at the matter here the protons are pumped to intermembrane space so their proton gradient is much higher now.

The membrane also contain a large protein complex which is called F1-F0 ATP synthase complex 5. 

THE PROTON GRADIENT IS USED BY THIS ATP SYNTHASE AND THEN ULTIMATELY MAKE ATP.

Now I will tell you the final step of electron transport chain.



ATP SYNTHASE : F1-F0 ATP synthase play a critical role in synthesis of ATP.

STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX: ATP synthase is an example of F class pump. ATP synthase has a multiple protein subunits which are class 3rd into two major components so called F0 complex and F1 complex.
The 80 complex is a proton channel, it contains three different subunits a, b and c.
si Sahab unit assembly area like structure within the mitochondrial membrane.

The proton channel associate with a unit .
iPhone contains 5 protein subunits. They are alpha, beta,gamma, delta and epsilon.
BINDING CHANGE MECHANISM: IF YOU SEE IN THE HEXAMER ALPHA BETA DIN IS THE MIDDLE AND SURROUNDED BY ALPHA AND BETA SUBUNITS .
Visa for Indians can stay in 3 confirmation. The confirmations are one is open and other two is loose and tight.

OPEN: ADP and pi bind to this confirmation.

TIGHT: Here the to substrate push to get  the ATP.

LOOSE: as the Gama subunit rotates beta subunits open to lose and and tight and so on.
please look the picture what I have drawn in this article and understand what I have said ...

Thank you very much for seeing my article ...❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️ Please put your precious moment on my article....

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