The Cell Membrane: Movement of phospholipids in Lipid bilayer

Abstract : Phospholipid is a major component which show different types of movements. Here we will describe 5 types of movement of lipid in lipid bilayer.





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1. Lateral diffusion
2. Rotation
3. Swing
4. Flexion

5.Flip-Flop/Transverse diffusion.

      

As a component we took phospholipid to show you the procedure very easy way .

#1 : Lateral diffusion : Cell membrane molecules transpose with it's local molecules . Lateral movement also provide cell membrane fluid structure. It has been discovered that phospholipid moves via hop diffusion.

#2:  Rotation: It occurs when a lipid molecule rotates itself very fast around it's axis and interact with intermidiate neighbor molecules.

#3:   Swing: Molecules swing from one side to another one.

#4: Flexion : The movement is started by contraction. 

#5: Flip-Flop movement/Transverse movement: However Flip-flop movement and transverse diffusion is the same thing. Transverse diffusion show a movement where lipid molecules move one half to another half of the mono layers. 

This type of movement is very rare because it has to face some frictional force as it hydrophilic head has to cross a hydrophobic sheet where it faces much friction .

There are some enzymes which regulate the movement of phospholipid ...

1.Flippase: Flip-Flops is enhanced by flippase .It also ATP dependent ,convert ATP to ADP + pi and moves phospholipids from outer leaflet to inner leaflet. 

2.Floppase: A second ATP dependent enzyme. Flippase ABC transport protein moves phospholipids from inner leaflet to outer leaflet ,just opposite of Flippase.

3.Scramblases: A third class protein scramblases  exchange phospholipids between two leaflets and ensure that both monolayers remain equally populated with phospholipid .It does not require ATP  but it activated by ca++.

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